A new study in mice reveals insights into the role of the protein Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in people with diabetes. The key findings are that PTX3 is increased in diabetic retinas and acts as a molecular driver of sterile inflammation in the diabetic retina. The researchers say this new knowledge about PTX3’s role could help facilitate the development of new treatments and prevention strategies for diabetic retinopathy. Further research is still needed to see if these findings apply to humans and to better understand the specific molecular signaling triggered by PTX3 in diabetic retinas.